On the hunt for the perfect e-bike? With so many styles and features, finding the right one can feel overwhelming. This guide breaks down the key types and classes, making it easier to find the perfect match for your lifestyle.

3 electric bike classes in the US

In the US, electric bikes are classified into 3 categories based on speed and motor assistance.

Class 1:
- Pedal-assist only (no throttle).
- The motor provides assistance up to 20 mph (32 km/h).
- The rider must pedal for the motor to engage.
Class 2:
- Has a throttle that can propel the bike without pedalling.
- Maximum speed is 20 mph (32 km/h) with or without pedalling.
- Common in urban areas and often allowed where Class 1 e-bikes are permitted.
Class 3:
- Pedal-assist only (no throttle).
- The motor assists up to 28 mph (45 km/h).
- Often requires additional safety features like a speedometer.
- May be restricted from certain bike paths or trails due to higher speeds.

Remember that US states have different regulations on e-bike classes and where they’re allowed. So be sure to check yours!

Types of electric bikes: road ebike

Electric bike types (categories) in the EU

In the EU, e-bikes are classified differently from the US but still based on their motor power and maximum speed. Light-powered vehicles fall under the L1e category, which has 2 sub-categories:

Category L1e-A: powered cycles;
Category L1e-B: 2-wheel mopeds.

Here’s their simplified overview:

The L1e-A category stands for electric bicycles with a maximum speed of 25 km/h (15 mph) and a motor output of more than 250 W. All electric bikes described in this article generally fall under the L1e-A category in the EU.

L1e-B is for 2-wheel mopeds with a maximum speed of more than 25 km/h (15 mph) and up to 45 km/h and a maximum continuous rated power of between 1000 W and 4000 W.

While they offer faster commute options, riders must comply with specific regulations, such as wearing a helmet, having insurance, and, in some countries, obtaining a moped driving licence.

Now we’ve covered classes and categories, let’s explore some of the most popular e-bike styles you can choose from.

A man and a woman chatting while sitting on bolt e-bikes

Styles of electric bikes

Road e-bikes, with their lightweight frames, narrow tyres, and aerodynamic positioning, are built for riders who want to cover long distances with minimal effort.
Cruiser or comfort e-bikes are designed for leisurely use and recreational riding. With an upright riding position, higher handlebars, and a plush saddle, they provide a laid-back, comfortable riding experience.
Fat tyre bikes handle cracks, potholes, and uneven road edges more effectively than narrow-tyre bikes, though some riders have reported steering issues.
Mountain e-bikes, equipped with knobby tyres and strong brakes, are built to tackle the toughest mountain trails. Although electric mountain bikes come with a comparably higher price tag, they justify the investment by reducing the strain of off-road adventures.
Folding electric bikes are a great pick for those with limited storage space or who want to mix cycling with public transport.
Cargo bikes feature a longer wheelbase for better balance with heavy loads and stronger brakes, making them a great alternative to a personal car for families.

Though e-bikes come in different styles, they all share key features — a motor and a battery, which we’ll explore next.

Styles of e-bikes

The 2 types of motors

Mid-drive motors are located near the bottom bracket by the pedals. They’re lighter and have a better centre of gravity, but might be more expensive than hub motors. This bike rides more like a normal bike because the motor is directly engaged with both wheels through the transmission.

Hub motors are located directly in the wheel and transmit energy to it. As bikes have 2 wheels, the hub motor can be located either in the front (front-wheel drive) or the back wheel (rear-wheel drive).

There are several differences in motor placement between front-wheel and rear-wheel drive, but the key distinction is in how the motor affects the ride. With a front hub motor, the bike feels like it’s being pulled, while with a rear hub motor, it feels like it’s being pushed.

Now, to the battery.

Battery

You might come across different types of e-bike batteries. However, modern e-bikes typically use lightweight and efficient lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. When selecting your battery capacity (Wh), consider the following:

Assist level. Higher power = more battery drain.
Terrain type. Hilly routes significantly reduce range.
Rider weight. Heavier riders consume more power.
Tyre type and pressure. Fat tyres reduce efficiency.
Weather conditions. Wind and cold temperatures impact battery life.

Types of electric bikes

Before buying an e-bike

As a general rule, test different types of e-bikes before buying to find the best fit. Also, ensure that local servicing is available for the model you choose.

In the EU, if you’re buying or importing an L-category vehicle, check that it has a vehicle identification number (VIN). The VIN should be displayed on the vehicle’s frame and statutory plate, which must also include specific mandatory details.

Buying from a bike shop is usually a safe choice. However, we advise you to check whether the vehicle information the importer gives matches the information on the manufacturer’s website. Only the manufacturer can define the intended use of a vehicle.

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Saving tip!

Many European countries offer incentives for e-bike purchases. Check what’s available in your country.

Types of electric bikes: choosing the right ebikes

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Are electric bikes harder to ride?

Switching from a conventional bicycle to an e-bike might seem daunting at first, but most riders find the transition smooth and quick. Usually, a single trial run is all it takes for riders to become comfortable with the new dynamics of pedal-assisted cycling.

Is it difficult to pedal an e-bike without the motor?

Pedalling an e-bike without motor assistance is similar to pedalling a regular bike, although e-bikes are typically heavier. However, most e-bikes have multiple levels of pedal assist to make riding easier when needed.

Can I ride an e-bike in the rain?

Yes, most e-bikes are engineered to handle light to moderate rainfall. Yet, it’s wise to avoid riding during intense storms or submerging the bike in water, as this could compromise the electronics.

Do I need a special licence to ride an e-bike?

In most places, you don’t need a special licence to ride a regular e-bike. However, for speed pedelecs or higher-powered e-bikes, you may need a licence, insurance, and a helmet, depending on local regulations.

How long does it take to charge an e-bike battery?

Charging times can vary, but it generally takes 3 to 6 hours to fully charge an e-bike battery. Some fast-charging systems can reduce this time significantly.

What is the range of an e-bike on a single charge?

The range of an e-bike can vary significantly depending on the battery capacity, the level of pedal assist used, the terrain, and the weight of the rider and cargo.

Can I increase the speed of my e-bike?

Modifying your e-bike to increase its speed may be illegal and can void the warranty. It’s important to adhere to the manufacturer’s specifications and local regulations when considering any modifications to your e-bike. Always consult with a professional and check the laws in your area before making any changes to your e-bike’s performance.

How hard is it to ride a cargo bike?

Learning to navigate a cargo bike typically comes naturally to most. However, the speed at which you become adept may depend on factors such as your prior cycling experience, the type and weight of the load you’re carrying, and the specific model of cargo bike you’re operating.

Can an adult ride in a cargo bike?

Yes. Some models, equipped with appropriate accessories, are capable of transporting adult passengers.

Types of electric bikes: your guide to e-bike classes and categories

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